FAQ/fr

Contenu et sources

What is the purpose of this database?

Wikibase Résistance centralise des données relatives à plus de 150 000 personnes ayant participé durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale à résistance contre l’occupant en Belgique. Cet engagement a conduit, au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, par des services publics et les mouvements eux-mêmes, à la constitution d’un très grand nombre de dossiers individuels liés à la procédure de reconnaissance des résistant·e·s par l’État belge. Les données sont issues de ces dossiers (ou de formulaires et de fiches préliminaires) et renvoient vers les fonds d’archives concernés.

La base de données comporte également des informations relatives aux mouvements et réseaux de résistance, aux fonds d'archives qui y sont associés, ainsi qu’à de très nombreux journaux clandestins. En outre, chaque fois que c’était possible, une correspondance a été établie avec l’identifiant Wikidata du résistant ou de la résistante, ce qui permet un enrichissement des données à l’aide de sources externes.

Quelles sont les informations que je vais trouver ?

La richesse des informations mises à votre disposition peut varier en fonction de la nature des documents d’archives et du type d'encodage [lien] adopté. La base de données englobe à la fois des informations biographiques (nom, prénoms, langue, nationalité, lieu et date de naissance et de décès, état civil, profession et domicile) et des informations relatives à l’activité de la personne dans la résistance (mouvement, réseau, journal et fonction dans le cadre de la presse clandestine, principales dates de détention, informations liées à la demande de reconnaissance nationale du ou des statuts de résistant·e, photo, remarques). Pour chaque personne décrite, vous trouverez le numéro d’inventaire permettant une localisation rapide du dossier dans les collections des Archives de l’État.

D’où proviennent les données ?

Les données sont issues de fiches, de formulaires et surtout de dossiers individuels gérés par le CegeSoma, le service Archives des Victimes de la Guerre et les Archives générales du Royaume. Il s’agit de documents constitués en vue de l'obtention d'un des quatre statuts de reconnaissance nationale octroyés par l’État belge entre 1944 et 1948 pour honorer, récompenser et dédommager les personnes ayant lutté contre l’ennemi en pays occupé. Toutes catégories de statuts confondues, ce sont des données issues de plus de 350 000 dossiers individuels constitués à la suite des demandes introduites par 150 000 à 170 000 personnes (ou leurs ayants-droits en cas de décès) qui, à terme, seront disponibles en ligne en quelques clics.

Les données ont été encodées à partir de :

Fonds gérés par le CegeSoma

• Les dossiers généralement préparatoires au Statut d'agent de renseignements et d'action produits par la Sûreté de l'État
• Les dossiers préparatoires au Statut de résistant armé (ou parfois en vue de distinctions honorifiques) produits par les mouvements de résistance suivants :
  • les Affranchis (incomplet)
  • le Front de l'indépendance (Milices patriotiques et Partisans armés) (très lacunaire)
  • le Groupe G
  • les Insoumis
  • la Kempisch Legioen
  • le L.100
  • le Mouvement national royaliste (incomplet)
  • Nola
  • l'Organisation militaire belge de Résistance (incomplet)
  • le Service D (incomplet)
  • la Witte Brigade Fidelio

• Les fiches, formulaires et dossiers préparatoires au Statut de résistant par la presse clandestine produits par les mouvements de résistance suivants :
  • le Front de l'indépendance
  • l'Union nationale de la presse clandestine

• Les formulaires préparatoires au Statut de résistant civil produits par le mouvement de résistance suivant :
  • le Front de l'indépendance

Fonds gérés par le Service Archives des Victimes de la Guerre

• Dossiers relatifs au Statut de résistant par la presse clandestine

• Dossiers relatifs au Statut de résistant civil

Fonds conservés par les Archives Générales du Royaume

• Dossiers de l’Office de la Résistance relatifs au Statut de la résistance armée.

Toutes les données sont-elles traduites ?

Nous mettons tout en œuvre pour que la majorité des données soient disponibles en français, néerlandais, allemand et anglais. Cependant, en raison de ressources limitées, toutes les valeurs n’ont pas pu être traduites. C’est le cas par exemple des professions (encodées dans la langue du dossier) ou du champ remarques (rédigées dans la langue maternelle de la personne réalisant l’encodage).

Comment savoir quand de nouvelles données seront chargées ?

Nous diffuserons l’information sur la page d’accueil de la plateforme ainsi que sur la page Facebook du CegeSoma et dans les newsletters du CegeSoma et des Archives de l’État.

Organiser ses recherches

Comment puis-je faire des recherches dans Wikibase Résistance ?

Deux modes de recherche s’offrent à vous :

• La recherche simple : vous entrez un terme (nom de personne, mouvement de résistance ou encore journal clandestin) dans la barre de recherche en haut de l’écran et vous cliquez sur le résultat qui vous intéresse. Vous accédez à une page présentant toutes les informations relatives à ce terme. C’est le mode de recherche le plus approprié si vous recherchez une information sur un élément en particulier. + exemple

• La recherche élaborée ou transversale : plus complexe et destinée à un public averti, elle est également beaucoup plus performante. Elle permet d’effectuer des recherches parmi toutes les données en combinant différents critères, comme par exemple toutes les personnes domiciliées dans la même commune ou ayant appartenu à un certain réseau de résistance. Une sélection de requêtes (SPARQL) préétablies est à votre disposition et vous permet de tester les possibilités de l’outil (disponible à l’adresse : https://query.data.arch.be). Vous pouvez ensuite adapter et personnaliser ces requêtes pour les adapter à vos recherches. Un tutoriel vidéo est disponible en ligne.

En combinant plusieurs critères de recherche, vous obtiendrez des listes de résultats, telles que l'ensemble des membres du Groupe G, les noms de tous les journaux clandestins ou encore les femmes membres de l’Armée secrète qui sont nées après 1915.

Ici, le meilleur moyen de tirer parti de toute la richesse d’information présente dans Wikibase Résistance est d’utiliser le langage SPARQL. Bien que complexe, ce dernier peut être utilisé sans prérequis en passant par des requêtes préétablies. Ce lien vous permet par exemple d’accéder à une requête SPARQL visant à lister tous les membres du Groupe G, avec leur date de naissance et leur domicile pendant la guerre. D'autres exemples de requêtes sont à votre disposition sur cette page : Pour apprendre comment rédiger une requête SPARQL vous-mêmes, suivez notre tutoriel vidéo :

L’affichage des résultats prend du temps, quelle en est la raison ?

La lenteur peut être due à la complexité d’une requête SPARQL, au nombre de données devant être récupérées ou encore à des heures de plus grande fréquentation de la plateforme, qui génèrent malheureusement un ralentissement des serveurs.

Data unavailable, false or incomplete

I search for the name of a person but no result is displayed. Why?

This may be due to different reasons:

• First, not all data are available online yet: Four publishing phases
  are scheduled between 2024 and 2027.
• Second, in compliance with data protection legislation (GDPR), only data about persons who are deceased or persons whose date of birth – dating back 100 years or more – suggests that the person is now deceased are published on the plateform.
• Third, maybe the person in question – or his/her relatives if the person died during the war – did not file a request to obtain the status of resistance fighter despite having carried out interventions during the war to harm the occupant. This is notably the case for most foreigners, for which it was very difficult or even impossible to obtain the status of resistance fighter, for women who, for cultural reasons, deemed it not necessary to undertake these steps towards recognition, and for many less-educated people who were discuraged by the complexity of the administrative formalities to be completed. Consequently, no files were opened about these persons.
• Fourth, some files may be lost.
• Fifth, only the data from the files held by the State Archives can be fed to the Wikibase Resistance database. Yet, several armed resistance movements such as Armée de la Libération, Armée secrète, Milices patriotiques and Partisans armés du Front de l’indépendance, Mouvement national belge did not tranfer the personal files of their members to the State Archives (this is also partly the case for service D). As private organisations these movements are indeed not obliged to hand over their records to the State Archives.
• Finally, we invite you to try out other search terms: Maybe a person was recorded under her maiden name or a different spelling of the name. If the issue persists, you can always contact us.

My SPARQL query does not yield any result. Why?

The search criteria may be too specific and no person corresponds to all the queried characteristics. In this case, we advise you to relaunch a query using less criteria or with the specification “optional” at the start of the query line (see example).

The amount of information available may be different from one person to the other and sometimes data is missing. Why?

Some information may be missing because they were not recorded in the archive documents. For example, the files opened for the procedure to obtain the status of armed resistance fighter are much less exhaustive than those opend for other status procedures. Furthermore, some information such as language, nationality, place of birth, civil status or profession may not have been recorded in the database due to the processing time required: priority was given to known resistance fighters and to victims of the occupant for which all data are available through the questionnaire we set up or whose data can be obtained relatively quickly.

It seems that some information are contradictory depending on the file from which they originate. Why is that and how do I know which data is reliable?

• During the database feeding process, some data may have been introduced erroneously and upon verification the error was not noticed.
• Some information may have already been erroneous in the original files. Knowing which data are reliable may then prove to be difficult. However, the data originating from the status files are usually more reliable than those of the preparatory files.
• Some information may have changed during the time between the occupation period and the years in which the files were opened, thus between 1945 and 1960. The database team has always sought to record the data stemming from the time closest to the occupation period, but they often date from the immediate postwar period. Yet in some status files such as Statut Presse clandestine and Résistance civile, the civil status, profession and place of residence during the occupation were recorded nevertheless, which may explain discrepancies with data from other sheets, forms or files.

I have noticed content errors. Who should I contact?

The database feeding is a long-term work. Despite the vigilance of our team, errors may occur. If you find one, feel free to contact us.

Re-use of data

How to save search results?

In the case of a simple search query, just save the links (URL) to the pages in question. We use unique and permanent identifiers that allow you to easily find back a specific “item” of Wikibase Resistance or to refer to it.

In the case of SPARQL queries, you can export the collected data (using the Download tab in the top right corner of the search results) in different formats: CSV (file type that can be opened using Excel), TSV or JSON. You can also save your search query line (by generating a link using the Link tab in the top right corner of the search results) and open it later or share it with others.

How do I quote items from the database?

Please consult our information page.

Access to paper archives

I would like to access personal files for further research. How to proceed?

These files are kept in the different repositories of the State Archives across Belgium. They are not digitised and must be accessed in the reading room. Here is how to proceed:

1. At the bottom of each entry about a person a reference specifies which archive fonds contain a personal file about the person, including the corresponding file number or inventory number. exemple
2. Click on the reference of the archive fonds to display further information such as the repository where the original file is kept and the link to the related online inventory if available.
3. With these information you can contact the repository to organise your visit to the reading room in order to access the file(s) about the person in question. Please note: In some cases, prior authorisation is required to access a file. Access conditions (and necessary authorisations from third parties) can be provided by the competent archive service.

Participation in the project

I have complementary information that I would like to add. Is this possible?

We are currently focussing our efforts on the feeding of the database and online publication of data originating from the personal files held by the State Archives only. In the long term we may consider the integration of data from external sources however.

I take great interest in the Second World War and would like to contribute to the project. Are you looking for trainees/volunteers?

Everyone who would like to join the project as trainee or volunteer is welcome. The conditions for this committment are the following: dedicate at least three months (trainees) or one day per week (volunteers) to the project; have a good passive command of the French or Dutch language, and preferably of both languages; have analytical skills, be capable of accurately applying multiple instructions; enjoy team work. Please contact Fabrice Maerten to discuss the details.

I work for an institution that also holds archives about the resistance in Belgium. Is there a possibility to collaborate?

We are currently focussing our efforts on the feeding of the database and online publication of data originating from the archive documents held by the State Archives only. However, we encourage you to establish links between your finding aids and Wikibase Résistance using the unique and permanent identifiers allocated to all the persons listed in the database. In the long term we may consider the integration of data from external sources however. For other types of collaboration you can always contact us.

Specificities of the personal files of resistance fighters

What is the use of the preparatory files when the status files are available?

• The preparatory files, forms and sheets are of particular interest with regard to the Status of armed resistance fighter because the information they contain about the activities of the person in question are usually more exhaustive than the files opened by the Office de la Résistance, which are very laconic on the matter.
• The status files Statut Presse clandestine and Résistance civile usually hold only scarce information when the person decided at an early stage of the procedure to no longer seek to obtain the status. In these cases, the preparatory files, forms and sheets produced by the Union nationale de la presse clandestine or the Front de l'indépendance may prove to be highly valuable for research.
• In some cases, for example in the files and sheets produced by the Union de la presse clandestine, but also in the preparatory files opened by certain movements such as Les Insoumis, identity photos were added, which is almost never the case in the status files.

Why do we not have the preparatory files of all the armed resistance movements

Because the records of some of these movements are not kept by the State Archives:

• The records of Armée de la Libération, Armée secrète and Mouvement national belge are kept and managed by Service général du Renseignement et de la Sécurité - Section des Archives Classifiées (Quartier Reine Elisabeth, bloc 15, rue d’Evere, 1 in 1140 Evere, contact by email);
• The records of Armée belge des Partisans (or Partisans armés) and Milices patriotiques are kept and managed by Musée de la Résistance de Belgique (rue Van Lint, 14 in 1070 Anderlecht, contact: Samuel Pauwels);
• The records of Service D are kept and managed by Atelier liégeois pour la promotion de l’histoire et des archives sociales (ALPHAS, Esp. de la Mairie 1, 4102 Seraing, contact).

Why do we not have all preparatory files of the members of the armed resistance movements whose personal files are kept by the State Archives?

Unfortunately, some of these record series are incomplete. This in particular the case with regard to the files of Les Affranchis, Mouvement national royaliste and Organisation militaire belge de Résistance. Also, the State Archives do not hold the preparatory files of Armée belge des Partisans (or Partisans armés), Milices patriotiques and Service D, only highly fragmented secondary record series.

Why do we only have the preparatory files opened by the State Security Service (Sûreté de l’Etat/Staatsveiligheid) for the granting of the Status of intelligence and intervention agent and not the official status recognition files opened by Defence?

These official files were found back only recently and require special treatment and reclassification before being made available to the public and eventually fed to the database within the framework of the project Wikibase Resistance. Furthermore, feeding these official files to the database is not a priority because they are usually much less rich in information than the preparatory files established by Sûreté de l’État/Staatsveiligheid: Their (almost) sole use lies in the existence of files about persons not included in the files of Sûreté de l’État/Staatsveiligheid, which is only rarely the case in our view.

Why are there more files about members of Groupe G and Nola than about members of other armed resistance movements?

Because these movements are partcicular in that they were recognised by the Belgian state as both armed resistance movements and as intelligence and intervention networks. Therefore, their members may have 4 files: 1 preparatory file and 1 file of the Office de la Résistance opened within the procedure for the Status of armed resistance fighter; and 1 file of Sûreté de l’Etat/Staatsveiligheid and 1 file established by Defense within the procedure for the Status of intelligence and intervention agent (reminder: these last files are not yet accessible).

Specific features of the platform

Which are the advantages of Wikibase Resistance?

Wikibase Resistance is based on the free software Wikibase, initially created for the management of the general knowledge base Wikidata. It is a research tool that can accomodate structured and multilingual data that can be read by both humans and machines. Each described term is identified through a unique identifier, and a description and semantic fields provide it with properties. These characteristics make it possible to multiply the options for exploring and visualising the data, but also to offer more context information and to open up the collections by linking them to external data. Procedures are thus put in place to align persons with corresponding Wikidata entries, while the places (birth, residence, death) are are linked to external resources such as Wikidata or GeoNames. By connecting these data, we can obtain other references such as ODIS identifiers or SNAC (Social Networks and Archival Context) that may help users find other resources or archival collections in Belgium or abroad.

Which is the connection between the database and the search engine of the State Archives (search.arch.be)?

Wikibase Résistance is the result of a pilot project of CegeSoma/State Archives aimed at exploiting the technologies of the semantic Web to offer new ways of accessing data. The database is connected to the search engine of the State Archives in two ways: First, the references of archive fonds about the resistance refer to the corresponding inventories available online via search.arch.be. Second, in the medium term, a copy of the data about resistance fighters shall be made available via the module Search persons.

Why is the domain name data.arch.be?

For the time being, only data from the project Wikibase Resistance are stored on the platform. In the long term however, it can not be excluded that this infrastructure gets used for other projects too that abide by the principle of FAIR data: findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable. In order to ensure the long-term reliability of the URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers) associated with the data about the resistance, we chose to use a more generic denomination in accordance with the standards of the archive, museum and library sector.